What percentage of alpha-hydroxy acids is allowed if it is un-buffered?

• A. 10%
• B. 5%
• C. 20%
• D. 15%

Answer: (D)

The maximum allowable percentage of alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) in un-buffered products is 15%. This standard is based on safety guidelines intended to prevent irritation and adverse reactions that can occur when skin care products have high concentrations of active ingredients, especially if they are un-buffered.

Alpha-hydroxy acids are responsible for exfoliating the skin by loosening the bonds between dead skin cells, which enhances cell turnover and improves skin texture. However, without a buffering agent, which helps to neutralize the acid and maintain a skin-friendly pH level, higher concentrations can cause significant irritation or adverse reactions. Thus, the 15% limit is in place to ensure that products are effective while still being gentle enough for consumer safety.